ADHD Care for Adolescents and Adults

ADHD in New York City

When attention and organization keep interfering with daily life.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition involving persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that begins in childhood and causes impairment across important areas of life. In adolescents and adults, the difficulty may appear through distractibility, restlessness, disorganization, procrastination, inconsistent follow-through, impulsive decisions, missed obligations, or trouble regulating effort across school, work, relationships, and daily responsibilities.

Inattention Impulsivity Restlessness Organization Medication Psychotherapy
Understanding ADHD

ADHD is more than occasional distraction.

Everyone loses focus, procrastinates, forgets something, or feels restless at times. ADHD is considered when developmentally inappropriate symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity are persistent, began in childhood, appear across more than one setting, and cause meaningful impairment.

In adolescents and adults, hyperactivity may look less like running or climbing and more like internal restlessness, excessive talking, difficulty waiting, constant activity, or discomfort with sustained stillness. Inattention may appear as inconsistent focus, losing track of details, difficulty organizing, avoidance of sustained mental effort, forgetfulness, or poor follow-through.

ADHD can affect academic performance, work, finances, relationships, driving, household responsibilities, self-esteem, sleep routines, and treatment adherence. The same difficulties can also arise from anxiety, depression, trauma, sleep problems, substance use, learning disorders, medical conditions, or environmental stress, which is why diagnosis requires more than a checklist.

ADHD Presentations

Symptoms can differ across age and setting.

ADHD may present predominantly through inattention, predominantly through hyperactivity and impulsivity, or through a combined pattern. The presentation can change over time even when the underlying developmental condition remains.

Predominantly Inattentive

Focus, organization, and follow-through

The person may miss details, lose track of instructions, appear not to listen, struggle to organize tasks, avoid sustained effort, misplace belongings, become easily distracted, or forget routine responsibilities. Hyperactivity may be limited or not obvious.

Hyperactive-Impulsive

Restlessness and acting too quickly

Symptoms may include fidgeting, difficulty remaining seated, internal restlessness, excessive activity or talking, interrupting, impatience, difficulty waiting, or acting before considering consequences. In adults, the presentation may be less visibly active.

Combined and Complex

Several domains affected at once

Many people experience both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. Mood, anxiety, trauma, sleep, substance use, learning concerns, autism-related questions, or personality functioning may also shape how ADHD appears and how treatment should be planned.

Signs and Functional Impact

The impairment often appears in ordinary responsibilities.

ADHD is not defined by productivity alone. Evaluation considers the amount of effort required, the consistency of performance, consequences across settings, developmental expectations, and whether another explanation better accounts for the difficulty.

Attention and organization

Difficulty sustaining attention during reading, meetings, conversations, or routine work Missing details, forgetting instructions, losing items, or leaving tasks unfinished Problems estimating time, sequencing steps, prioritizing, or starting without urgency Avoiding paperwork, studying, administrative tasks, or other sustained mental effort Performance that varies sharply depending on novelty, interest, structure, or immediate consequences

Impulsivity, restlessness, and daily life

Interrupting, impatience, excessive talking, fidgeting, or difficulty remaining still Impulsive spending, driving, communication, decisions, substance use, or relationship behavior Missed deadlines, appointments, bills, medications, chores, or household responsibilities Conflict about effort, reliability, listening, follow-through, or unequal responsibility School, work, finances, self-care, sleep, treatment, or independence affected across settings
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

There is no single test that diagnoses ADHD.

Diagnosis integrates developmental history, current symptoms, impairment, information across settings, medical and psychiatric review, and collateral records or reports when useful. A questionnaire can contribute evidence but cannot establish the diagnosis by itself.

Developmental History

Evidence beginning in childhood

Early attention, activity level, impulse control, school performance, behavior, routines, friendships, family observations, report cards, prior evaluations, and whether symptoms were present before age twelve.

Current Symptoms

Pattern across settings

Inattention, restlessness, impulsivity, organization, time management, follow-through, driving, finances, relationships, work, school, household responsibilities, and whether the pattern appears in more than one environment.

Collateral Information

Records and outside perspectives

Parent, partner, teacher, therapist, or prior clinician information may help when appropriate. School records, workplace history, testing, and earlier treatment can clarify onset, persistence, and impairment.

Diagnostic Overlap

Other possible explanations

Depression, bipolar symptoms, anxiety, trauma, OCD, substance use, sleep disorders, learning disorders, autism-related concerns, personality functioning, medical illness, medication effects, and environmental stress may resemble or coexist with ADHD.

Medical and Safety Review

Health, substances, and risk

Sleep, appetite, cardiovascular history, neurological concerns, pain, other medications, caffeine, nicotine, cannabis, alcohol, stimulant misuse, driving, impulsive risk, and factors relevant to safe medication treatment.

Treatment History

What prior care reveals

Medication trials, dose, duration, adherence, benefits, side effects, psychotherapy, coaching, school support, accommodations, substance use, mood changes, and which interventions improved functioning rather than symptoms alone.

ADHD Treatment Planning

Treatment should support daily function.

ADHD treatment may combine medication, psychotherapy or behavioral strategies, environmental structure, family or school involvement, and coordination for co-occurring conditions. The plan should target meaningful daily outcomes and be monitored over time.

Medication Consultation

Stimulant and nonstimulant options

Medication may reduce inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Psychiatric care should review diagnosis, medical history, prior response, side effects, sleep, appetite, blood pressure, substance use, interactions, adherence, and whether treatment improves real-world functioning.

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Psychotherapy and Skills

Build more reliable systems

Psychotherapy and behavioral strategies may address planning, task initiation, time management, emotional reactions, avoidance, self-esteem, relationships, habits, and the consequences of years spent feeling inconsistent, overwhelmed, or misunderstood.

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Developmental and Coordinated Care

Connect treatment across settings

Adolescents and emerging adults may need family guidance, school or college coordination, transition planning, and clearer ownership of medication and routines. Adults may need care integrated with work, relationships, sleep, substance use, and other psychiatric treatment.

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When Treatment Has Only Partly Helped

Partial improvement may mean the plan is too narrow.

Better concentration does not automatically resolve procrastination, shame, sleep disruption, relationship conflict, disorganization, substance use, anxiety, depression, or years of compensatory habits. A review can clarify whether the diagnosis, medication, dose, treatment targets, environmental structure, psychotherapy, or co-occurring conditions need greater attention.

The diagnosis may be incomplete Anxiety, depression, bipolar symptoms, trauma, OCD, sleep problems, substances, learning concerns, or personality functioning may be contributing to the same difficulties.
Medication may help symptoms but not systems Improved focus may still require changes in routines, planning, task structure, reminders, sleep, communication, and expectations.
The medication plan may need review Timing, duration, adherence, side effects, rebound, appetite, sleep, cardiovascular factors, interactions, misuse risk, or inadequate monitoring may affect results.
Progress may need broader measures Useful outcomes include fewer missed obligations, safer decisions, steadier work, improved relationships, better self-care, and more consistent ownership of daily life.
We are here when you are ready.

You do not need to arrive with old school records or a completed checklist before reaching out. A consultation can begin with the current concerns, developmental history, areas of impairment, prior treatment, and the questions that need clearer answers.

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology

How The Sheppe Group approaches ADHD complexity.

The practice combines psychiatrist-led evaluation and medication consultation with psychological formulation, psychotherapy, developmental context, family understanding, and coordinated treatment planning when ADHD overlaps with other clinical concerns.

Alexander H. Sheppe, MD, psychiatrist providing ADHD evaluation and medication consultation in New York City
Child, Adolescent, and Adult Psychiatrist

Alexander H. Sheppe, MD, FAPA, DFAACAP

Dr. Sheppe provides complex clinical evaluation, medication consultation, psychodynamic psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, TFP, family consultation, and coordinated treatment planning for adolescents, emerging adults, and adults with complex or overlapping presentations.

ADHD differential diagnosis, developmental history, and medication review Assessment of mood, anxiety, trauma, OCD, sleep, substances, personality functioning, and risk Psychotherapy, family consultation, and coordination across treatment settings
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Aliza Spruch-Feiner, PhD, clinical psychologist providing psychological formulation for complex ADHD presentations in New York City
Clinical Psychologist

Aliza Spruch-Feiner, PhD

Dr. Spruch-Feiner provides assessment, formulation, and integrative, psychodynamic psychotherapy addressing attention-related concerns

Experience assessing, diagnosing, and treating ADHD, with attention to how it intersects with broader personality functioning, identity, self-esteem, emotion regulation, and relationship patterns Collaboration with psychiatrists and other providers to align on formulation, treatment priorities, risk, and continuity of care Family consultation to support communication and shared understanding of the treatment plan
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In-Person and Telehealth Care

ADHD evaluation and care in Midtown Manhattan, near Grand Central.

The Sheppe Group sees patients at 122 East 42nd Street, 32nd Floor in New York, NY 10168, near Grand Central. In-person psychiatric evaluation, medication consultation, psychotherapy, family consultation, psychological formulation, and coordinated care may be part of treatment, with telehealth considered when clinically appropriate and legally permitted.

Address

122 East 42nd Street, 32nd Floor
New York, NY 10168

Phone

(646) 859-8585
Midtown Manhattan near Grand Central

Care Model

Psychiatric evaluation, medication consultation, psychotherapy, developmental formulation, family work, and coordinated care.

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Telehealth for New York and Other Licensed States

Remote care, when clinically appropriate.

Telehealth may be available for patients located in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Florida, and California, depending on clinical need, licensure, privacy, safety, current location, medication requirements, and whether remote care is the right setting.

New York California Florida New Jersey Connecticut
ADHD FAQs

Common questions about evaluation and treatment.

These answers provide general information. A consultation is needed to evaluate an individual diagnosis, developmental history, medication question, safety concern, documentation request, or appropriate treatment plan.

What is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder involving persistent symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that begin in childhood, appear across more than one setting, and interfere with functioning or development. Symptoms and impairment can continue through adolescence and adulthood.

Can ADHD be diagnosed for the first time in adulthood?

Yes. Some adults are not identified until work, relationships, parenting, higher education, or reduced external structure exposes longstanding difficulties. The diagnosis still requires evidence that symptoms were present during childhood, even when they were overlooked, compensated for, or interpreted differently at the time.

Is there a test that proves someone has ADHD?

No single blood test, brain scan, computer task, or questionnaire can diagnose ADHD. Evaluation combines developmental history, symptoms, impairment, information across settings, medical and psychiatric review, and collateral records or reports when useful. Rating scales can support the assessment but should not replace it.

What conditions can look like ADHD?

Depression, bipolar-spectrum symptoms, anxiety, trauma, OCD, sleep disorders, substance use, learning disorders, autism-related concerns, personality difficulties, medical illness, medication effects, and severe stress can affect attention, activity, impulse control, motivation, or organization. Several conditions can also occur together.

What treatments are used for ADHD?

Treatment may include stimulant or nonstimulant medication, psychotherapy, behavioral strategies, parent training, executive function coaching, school interventions, environmental structure, and coordination for co-occurring conditions. The most appropriate combination depends on age, diagnosis, impairment, medical history, goals, risk, and prior response.

What should be monitored when ADHD medication is prescribed?

Monitoring may include symptom and functional improvement, dose timing, duration, adherence, appetite, sleep, blood pressure, heart rate, mood changes, anxiety, irritability, side effects, interactions, substance use, misuse or diversion risk, and whether the medication is helping the areas of life it was intended to improve.

Can family members, schools, or existing clinicians be involved?

Yes, when involvement is useful and appropriate permission is in place. Parents, partners, teachers, therapists, or prior clinicians may provide information about onset and functioning. Families and schools can also support routines, expectations, behavioral plans, medication ownership, accommodations, and developmental transitions.

Begin With a Clearer Attention Question

Ready to take the next step?

A consultation can help determine whether the right starting point is ADHD evaluation, medication review, psychotherapy, family consultation, assessment of co-occurring conditions, or coordination with school, college, work, and an existing treatment team.

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